1. Material Scientific Research and Structural Stability
1.1 Crystal Chemistry and Bonding Characteristics
(Silicon Carbide Crucibles)
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a covalent ceramic composed of silicon and carbon atoms organized in a tetrahedral lattice, mostly in hexagonal (4H, 6H) or cubic (3C) polytypes, each showing phenomenal atomic bond strength.
The Si– C bond, with a bond energy of approximately 318 kJ/mol, is among the strongest in structural porcelains, giving exceptional thermal security, firmness, and resistance to chemical attack.
This durable covalent network causes a product with a melting point surpassing 2700 ° C(sublimes), making it among one of the most refractory non-oxide ceramics available for high-temperature applications.
Unlike oxide porcelains such as alumina, SiC preserves mechanical strength and creep resistance at temperature levels over 1400 ° C, where several metals and conventional porcelains begin to soften or deteriorate.
Its reduced coefficient of thermal development (~ 4.0 × 10 ⁻⁶/ K) integrated with high thermal conductivity (80– 120 W/(m · K)) allows quick thermal biking without catastrophic breaking, a vital characteristic for crucible performance.
These inherent properties stem from the balanced electronegativity and comparable atomic sizes of silicon and carbon, which advertise a very stable and densely loaded crystal structure.
1.2 Microstructure and Mechanical Strength
Silicon carbide crucibles are usually produced from sintered or reaction-bonded SiC powders, with microstructure playing a definitive function in resilience and thermal shock resistance.
Sintered SiC crucibles are produced through solid-state or liquid-phase sintering at temperatures above 2000 ° C, frequently with boron or carbon ingredients to boost densification and grain limit cohesion.
This procedure produces a completely dense, fine-grained structure with marginal porosity (
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