1. Beginning, Composition, and Molecular Architecture
1.1 All-natural Resource and Biochemical Profile
(Animal Protein Frothing Agent)
Animal protein-based frothing agents are acquired primarily from hydrolyzed keratin or collagen sourced from abattoir byproducts such as hooves, horns, bones, and hides.
Via regulated alkaline or chemical hydrolysis, these architectural healthy proteins are broken down right into amphiphilic polypeptides abundant in amino acids like glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which possess both hydrophilic (– NH TWO,– COOH) and hydrophobic (aliphatic side chains) practical teams.
This dual affinity makes it possible for the molecules to adsorb successfully at air– water interfaces throughout mechanical aeration, minimizing surface area stress and stabilizing bubble formation– a critical demand for creating uniform mobile concrete.
Unlike synthetic surfactants, animal protein foaming agents are eco-friendly, non-toxic, and display outstanding compatibility with Rose city concrete systems as a result of their ionic nature and moderate pH buffering capability.
The molecular weight distribution of the hydrolysate– generally between 500 and 10,000 Da– directly influences foam stability, drain rate, and bubble size, making process control throughout hydrolysis vital for constant efficiency.
1.2 Foam Generation System and Microstructure Control
When thinned down with water (normally at ratios of 1:20 to 1:30) and presented into a foam generator, the healthy protein solution creates a viscoelastic movie around entrained air bubbles under high-shear problems.
This movie withstands coalescence and Ostwald ripening– the diffusion-driven growth of bigger bubbles at the cost of smaller ones– by creating a mechanically robust interfacial layer reinforced through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.
The resulting foam shows high growth ratios (typically 15– 25:1) and reduced drainage rates (
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